- Safety-I and Safety–II 📚
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- Publication date: 2014-05-28
- Read: Oct 3, 2025
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After years of following Hollnagel’s work and having read ETTO many years ago, I finally read this (now) classic that he wrote in 2014. And I have to say it still holds up extremely well even 10 years later. It’s a mostly easy read that introduces and explains concepts from the approach that is branded in the book as “Safety I”, which is the focus on preventing accidents versus what he calls “Safety II”, the focus on fostering and increasing things that go right. There’s a lot in this book about the history of safety and risk management and how we got to this focus on accidents as the data point to fixate on. It’s a fairly quick read and I can highly recommend it if you do anything related to safety, risk, or resilience management or even just work in an area where you are responsible for operating any form of live system.